1. Содержание занятия семинарского типа:
1.1. Тема занятия, (вид занятия) количество часов, отводимых на данное занятие.
Практическое занятие (2ч.)  Тема: Конституция США. Законодательная власть США
1.2. Цель и задачи занятия.
Формирование лексико-грамматических навыков. Формирование навыков поискового чтения, умения находить нужную информацию и отвечать на вопросы.
1.3. Учебные вопросы и практические задания.
Lesson 4. (Тема4)
Грамматика: Времена группы Continuous  (Passive)
Тема: Конституция США. Законодательная власть США

I. Ознакомьтесь с грамматическим материалом и выполните упражнения:
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS (PASSIVE)

Сочетание вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе, Participle I глагола to be (being) с Participle II смыслового глаголаобразует формы Continuous Passive. Формы Future Continuous Passive не существует.

	Past	Present	Future	

+	was 
        + being + PII
were	are
am   + being  + PII
is	    _	

_	was
        + not + being + PII
were	are
am   + not + being + PII
is	    _	

?	was
      +подл + being + PII
were	are
am   + подл.+being + PII
is	    _	

This problem is being discussed now in the 
press.
Эта проблема обсуждается сейчас в прессе.
These problems were being discussed for many months by all lawyers.
В течение многих месяцев эти проблемы обсуждались всеми юристами.

EXERCISE
  Прочтите, найдите сказуемое, определите время и залог, в котором оно стоит, предложения переведите.
1) We are discussing a very important question now.
2) He was preparing for a seminar at 5 o’clock yesterday.
3) Our children will be sleeping when we come home.
4) A very interesting article is being discussed at the seminar.
5) Was anybody listening to the President’s speech at 9 o’clock yesterday?
6) It was getting dark and we decided to return home.
7) What will they be doing at this time tomorrow?
8) They were looking for their keys for half an hour.
9) Why is she staying the whole day at home?
10) These famous paintings are being exhibited in our museгm now.

II.Ознакомьтесь с новыми словами:
a set of rules	набор правил, норм	
law	закон, право	
regulation	постановление, предписание	
the Founding Fathers =
“Founders”	отцы-основатели	
in short	сокращённо	
custom	обычай	
to provide	обеспечивать	
to adopt	принять	
to embody	воплощать	
article	статья	
amendment	поправка	
state legislature	легислатура, законодательный орган (в США)	
to contain	содержать, включать в себя	
freedom	свобода	
to be passed	быть принятым, получить одобрение, быть утверждённым	
to agree upon smth.	достичь соглашения по ч-л.	
rigid	жёсткий; строгий; неукоснительный	
powers	полномочия	
a series of checks and balances	система сдержек и противовесов	
to make sure (that...)	убедиться (что...)	
to have authority over smb.	иметь власть над к-л.	
to abuse	злоупотреблять	
by means of	при помощи, посредством	
dual	дуалистический, двойной, двойственный	
according to	в соответствии с ч-л., согласно	
responsibility	обязанность, обязательство;
ответственность	
as a whole	в целом	
duties	функции, обязанности, долг	
the body of rules	свод правил, норм	

III. Прочтите следующий текст и найдите ответы на вопросы и переведите (выполнить письменно!):
THE US CONSTITUTION
A «constitution» in American political language has acquired a wide meaning of a set of rules, laws, regulations and customs which together provide the practical norms or standards regulating the work of the government.
The United States constitution was adopted in September 1787 when the Constitutional Convention met behind the closed doors in Philadelphia to formulate a Constitution of the new nation. This document embodied the political theories of the Founding Fathers (“Founders” in short).
Article V allowed for amendments to be made to the Constitution if they are passed by a two-thirds majority in both houses of the Congress and then ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution was finally ratified by all 13 states in 1791 and it contained already 10 amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights which proclaimed the freedom of religion, speech and the press. These freedoms protected the citizens against possible tyranny by the federal government. So far only 27 amendments have been made to the Constitution. The American constitution is considered to be one of the most rigid constitutions in the world because a rather complicated machinery is necessary to alter it or add any new amendment.
The Constitution agreed upon in 1787, is, with some amendments, in force to this day. It consists of the Preamble, seven Articles and 27 Amendments. It is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial bodies. It means that respective government institutions – the Presidency, Congress and the Courts – are given limited and specific powers. A series of checks and balances, whereby each branch of power has certain authority over the others, are also included to make sure that these powers are not abused. Next, government power is further limited by means of a dual system of government according to which the federal government is only given the powers and responsibilities to deal with problems facing the nation as a whole (foreign affairs, trade, control of the Army and Navy, etc.). The remaining responsibilities and duties of government were given to the individual state governments.
The single document known as the Constitution of the United States, though a basic document, is only a part of the body of rules and customs which form the whole of the American Constitution. Supreme Court decisions, interpreting the content of the U.S. Constitution, laws, regulations and customs, are part of the basic law called «the whole live constitution».
1.	When was the US Constitution adopted?
2.	What elements does the Constitution consist of?
3.	What is known as the Bill of Rights?
4.	What does the Bill of Rights proclaim?
5.	What does the Bill of Rights protect the citizens against?
6.	What doctrine is the Constitution based on?
7.	What bodies are the powers separated between?
8.	By what means does the Constitution limit the power of the government?
9.	Why is a series of checks and balances included in the Constitution?

IV.Ознакомьтесь с новыми словами:
to belong to	принадлежать	
the House of Representatives	палата представителей	
to exercise	использовать, осуществлять	
significant	значительный	
to represent	представлять	
to provide	обеспечивать; предоставлять, давать	
officials, officers	должностные лица	
a presiding officer	председатель по должности	
to control [kən'troul]	управлять, руководить; регулировать, контролировать	
the Rules Committee	Рулевой Комитет (Комитет по процедурам устанавливает правила деятельности Палаты и обсуждает наиболее важные законопроекты)	
appointment	назначение	
to influence	влиять	
a floor leader	лидер партийной фракции (ему первому предоставляется слово от соответствующей фракции)	
a majority or minority floor leader	лидер фракции большинства или фракции меньшинства	
whip	«кнут» («хлыст» = партийный функционер, который следит за дисциплиной, посещаемостью, единством членов во время обсуждения)	
to be responsible for	нести ответственность за ч-л	
leadership	руководство; лидерство, ведущая роль в чем-либо	
a tie vote	равное количество голосов при голосовании	
principal	главный, основной; ведущий	
to be the principal party voice and power	обладать основной властью в партии и иметь право высказывать мнение от имени партии	
to include	включать (в состав)	
counterweight	противовес	
the electorate	электорат, избиратели	

V. Прочтите следующий текст и найдите ответы на вопросы и переведите (выполнить письменно!):
The Legislative Power in the USA
The legislative power of national government belongs to the Congress which consists of two houses – the Senate and the House of Representatives – that both exercise significant power. However, power is much more centralized in the House of Representatives, with its 435 members, than in the Senate, which has just 100 members.
The House of Representatives is the dynamic institution of the federal government. The states are represented on a popular basis. By law all the states must adopt the system of single-member constituencies with a simple majority vote.
The majority party in the House of Representatives provides the Speaker, who is the presiding officer and most powerful member of the House. The Speaker is theoretically chosen by all the members of the House but in reality is elected by the majority party. The Speaker controls appointments to the Rules Committee and thus influences the flow of legislation. Moreover, should the President and Vice-President die or resign before the end of their terms, it is the Speaker who becomes President. Each party in the House also has a majority or minority floor leader and whip. They are responsible for party leadership in debate.
The Vice-President has the constitutional duty of presiding over the Senate, but in actuality does so only if a tie vote needs to be broken. The principal party voice and power in the Senate is the Senate majority leader, but even this leader’s power is not as great as that of the Speaker of the House. The Senate party leadership also includes a minority leader and whips from both parties, who serve the same function as House whips.
The Senate is said to be the conservative counterweight to the more populist House of Representatives. Each state has two senators who, since 1913 (Seventeenth amendment), have been chosen by the electorate in the way decided by the state legislature in each state. Senators are elected every six years, but one-third of the Senate is elected every 2 years. The American system is one of a very few to have an upper house that is popularly elected as well as politically powerful.

1.	What body does the legislative power in the USA belong to?
2.	What houses does the Congress consist of?
3.	What do these houses have in common?
4.	Which of the houses exercise much more power than the other?
5.	Which of the houses is the conservative counterweight to the other?
6.	How many members does the House of Representatives consist of?
7.	How often are the members of the House elected?
8.	Who is the House presided over?
9.	Who is the most powerful member in Congress?
10.	In what case does the Speaker become President?
11.	In what way does the Speaker influence the flow of legislation?
12.	How many senators is the Senate made up of?
13.	How often are senators elected? 
14.	Who has the constitutional duty of presiding over the Senate?
15.	Who is the principal power in the Senate in actuality?

Для того, что бы перейти к изучению следующей темы вам необходимо выполнить тест:
1.	When was the Constitution of the USA adopted?
a)	in 1772
b)	in 1791
c)	in 1787

2.	What elements does the US Constitution consist of?
a)	the Preamble and 27 amendments
b)	the Preamble and 7 articles
c)	the Preamble, 7 articles and 27 amendments

3.	What is known as the Bill of Rights?
a)	the last 5 amendments
b)	the first 7 amendments
c)	the first 10 amendments

4.	What does the Bill of Rights proclaim?
a)	It proclaims the freedom of religion
b)	It proclaims the freedom of speech and the press
c)	It proclaims the freedom of speech and the press and religion

5.	What doctrine is the Constitution based on?
a)	Of the separation of powers
b)	Of a dual system of government
c)	Of federalism

6.	What is the highest legislative body in the USA?
a)	the Senate
b)	the House of Representatives
c)	Congress

7.	What houses does Congress consist of?
a)	the House of Commons and the House of Representatives
b)	the Senate and the House of Lords
c)	the Senate and the House of Representatives

8.	How many members are there in the House of Representatives?
a)	100
b)	435
c)	659

9.	How many members does the Senate consist of?
a)	150
b)	152
c)	100

10.	Who is the House of Representatives presided over by?
a)  by the Vice-President
b)  by the Speaker
c)  by the President

11.	How many senators does each state have?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3

12.	How often are senators elected?
a) every 4 years
b) each year
d)	every 6 years

1.4. Рекомендуемая литература по данному занятию. 
*Для того, что бы уметь отвечать на вопросы по темам: Личные сведения, Семья, Нижегородская академия МВД, Изучение права и правоохранительной деятельности, Выбор профессии, Служба в полиции, Устройство на работу вам необходимо изучить этот материал по учебному пособию по английскому языку General and Social English for Law Students. Н. Новгород: Нижегородская академия МВД России, 2010.

*Учебно-методическое пособие для слушателей ФЗО второго года обучения/ сост. Л.Ф. Киселева – Н. Новгород: Нижегородская академия МВД России, 2006.
*Government and Law. Учебное пособие по английскому языку, часть 2 / С.И.Балишин, Ю.В. Ильин, Л.И. Мартынова, И.Г. Ольгинская, - Н. Новгород: Нижегородская академия МВД России, 2006.
*Практическая грамматика английского языка / Т.М.Новицкая, Н.Д. Кучин, М., 1993г.
*Англо-русский словарь. Под ред. О.С. Ахмановой и Е.А.М. Уилсон. М., 1974г.
1.5. Краткое описание учебных вопросов или алгоритм выполнения практических заданий. 
1.6. Вопросы для самостоятельного изучения по данной теме. 
Ваш зачет представляет вопросно-ответные задания, выполненные в электронном варианте. Будет задано примерно 100 вопросов. Они включают в себя вопросы после предложенных вам текстов по темам. Ответить нужно на все! Что бы успешно справиться с заданием, необходимо следовать следующим рекомендациям. При подготовке к зачету вам необходимо проработать весь предложенный грамматический, лексический и текстовый материал, выполнить контрольную работу №1.  Уметь определять грамматические конструкции и отвечать на вопросы по текстам! Удачи!